Indian Constitution:
|
At the start (1950) |
Now |
|
395 Articles |
448+ Articles |
|
22 Parts |
25 Parts |
|
8 Schedules |
12 Schedules |
|
Adopted 26 Nov 1949 |
Enforced 26 Jan 1950 |
|
Drafting took roughly 2 years, 11 months, 18 days |
Amended 106+ times so far |
THE PREAMBLE:
WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to
constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure all its citizens:
JUSTICE, social, economic and political
LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship
EQUALITY of status and of opportunity
and to promote among them all
FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the
unity and integrity of the Nation;
IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.
[NOTE] The words Socialist, Secular, and Integrity were
inserted later by the 42nd Amendment, 1976. Original 1950 Preamble did not have
them.
PART I: THE UNION AND ITS TERRITORY
1 Name and territory of the Union
2 Admission or establishment of new States
2A [Repealed]
3 Formation of new States and alteration of areas,
boundaries or names of existing States
4 Laws made under articles 2 and 3 for amendment of First
and Fourth Schedules
PART II: CITIZENSHIP
5 Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution
6 Rights of citizenship of certain persons who migrated from
Pakistan
7 Rights of citizenship of certain migrants to Pakistan
8 Rights of citizenship of certain persons of Indian origin
residing outside India
9 Persons voluntarily acquiring foreign citizenship not to
be citizens
10 Continuance of the rights of citizenship
11 Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law
PART III: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
General
12 Definition
13 Laws inconsistent with fundamental rights
Right to Equality
14 Equality before law
15 Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion,
race, caste, sex, place of birth
15(6) [Added by 103rd Amendment 2019] EWS reservation in education
16 Equality of opportunity in public employment
16(6) [Added by 103rd Amendment 2019] EWS reservation in jobs
17 Abolition of Untouchability
18 Abolition of titles
Right to Freedom
19 Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech,
etc
20 Protection in respect of conviction for offences
21 Protection of life and personal liberty
21A Right to education for children aged 6 to 14, inserted
by 86th Amendment 2002
22 Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases
Right against Exploitation
23 Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour
24 Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc
Right to Freedom of Religion
25 Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice,
propagation of religion
26 Freedom to manage religious affairs
27 Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any
religion
28 Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction in
certain institutions
Cultural and Educational Rights
29 Protection of interests of minorities
30 Right of minorities to establish and administer
educational institutions
31 [Repealed]
Saving of Certain Laws
31A Saving of laws providing for acquisition of estates
31B Validation of certain Acts and Regulations
31C Saving of laws giving effect to certain directive
principles
31D [Repealed]
Right to Constitutional Remedies
32 Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part
32A [Repealed]
33 Power of Parliament to modify rights in application to
Forces
34 Restriction on rights while martial law is in force
35 Legislation to give effect to this Part
PART IV: DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY
36 Definition
37 Application of the principles in this Part
38 State to secure a social order for welfare of the people
39 Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State
39A Equal justice and free legal aid
40 Organisation of village panchayats
41 Right to work, education, public assistance in certain
cases
42 Just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief
43 Living wage for workers
43A Participation of workers in management of industries
43B [Added by 97th Amendment 2011] Promotion of co-operative societies
44 Uniform civil code for citizens
45 Free and compulsory education for children
46 Promotion of educational and economic interests of SC,
ST, weaker sections
47 Duty to raise nutrition, standard of living, public
health
48 Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry
48A Protection and improvement of environment, forests,
wildlife
49 Protection of monuments and objects of national
importance
50 Separation of judiciary from executive
51 Promotion of international peace and security
PART IVA: FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES
51A Fundamental duties, originally 10 duties, an 11th duty
on parents to provide education was added by 86th Amendment 2002
PART V: THE UNION
CHAPTER I: THE EXECUTIVE
The President
52 The President of India
53 Executive power of the Union
54 Election of President
55 Manner of election of President
56 Term of office of President
57 Eligibility for re-election
58 Qualifications for election as President
59 Conditions of President's office
60 Oath or affirmation by the President
61 Procedure for impeachment of the President
62 Time of holding election to fill vacancy in office of
President
Vice-President
63 The Vice-President of India
64 Vice-President to be ex officio Chairman of Council of
States
65 Vice-President to act as President during casual
vacancies
66 Election of Vice-President
67 Term of office of Vice-President
68 Time of holding election to fill vacancy in office of
Vice-President
69 Oath or affirmation by the Vice-President
President, Vice President, Union
70 Discharge of President's functions in other contingencies
71 Matters relating to election of President or
Vice-President
72 Power of President to grant pardons
73 Extent of executive power of the Union
Council of Ministers
74 Council of Ministers to aid and advise President
75 Other provisions as to Ministers
Attorney-General
76 Attorney-General for India
Conduct of Government Business
77 Conduct of business of Government of India
78 Duties of PM as to furnishing information to President
CHAPTER II: PARLIAMENT
General
79 Constitution of Parliament
80 Composition of Council of States
81 Composition of House of the People
82 Readjustment after each census
83 Duration of Houses of Parliament
84 Qualification for membership of Parliament
85 Sessions, prorogation and dissolution
86 Right of President to address Houses
87 Special address by the President
88 Rights of Ministers and Attorney-General as respects
Houses
Officers of Parliament
89 Chairman and Deputy Chairman of Council of States
90 Vacation, resignation, removal of Deputy Chairman
91 Power of Deputy Chairman to act as Chairman
92 Chairman/Deputy Chairman not to preside during removal
resolution
93 Speaker and Deputy Speaker of House of the People
94 Vacation, resignation, removal of Speaker and Deputy
Speaker
95 Power of Deputy Speaker to act as Speaker
96 Speaker/Deputy Speaker not to preside during removal
resolution
97 Salaries of Chairman, Deputy Chairman, Speaker, Deputy
Speaker
98 Secretariat of Parliament
Conduct of Business
99 Oath or affirmation by members
100 Voting in Houses, quorum
Disqualifications of Members
101 Vacation of seats
102 Disqualifications for membership, clause 2 invokes the
Tenth Schedule, the anti-defection law
103 Decision on disqualification questions
104 Penalty for sitting/voting before oath or when
disqualified
Powers, Privileges, Immunities
105 Powers, privileges of Houses and members
106 Salaries and allowances of members
Legislative Procedure
107 Introduction and passing of Bills
108 Joint sitting of both Houses
109 Special procedure for Money Bills
110 Definition of Money Bills
111 Assent to Bills
Procedure in Financial Matters
112 Annual financial statement
113 Procedure with respect to estimates
114 Appropriation Bills
115 Supplementary, additional, excess grants
116 Votes on account, votes of credit
117 Special provisions as to financial Bills
Procedure Generally
118 Rules of procedure
119 Regulation of financial business procedure
120 Language to be used in Parliament
121 Restriction on discussion in Parliament
122 Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament
CHAPTER III: LEGISLATIVE POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT
123 Power to promulgate Ordinances during recess
CHAPTER IV: THE UNION JUDICIARY
124 Establishment of Supreme Court
124A/124B/124C Inserted by 99th Amendment 2014 to create the
NJAC, but it was struck down by Supreme Court in 2015, collegium system continues
125 Salaries of Judges
126 Appointment of acting Chief Justice
127 Appointment of ad hoc judges
128 Attendance of retired Judges
129 Supreme Court to be a court of record
130 Seat of Supreme Court
131 Original jurisdiction of Supreme Court
131A [Repealed]
132 Appellate jurisdiction, certain cases from High Courts
133 Appellate jurisdiction, civil matters
134 Appellate jurisdiction, criminal matters
134A Certificate for appeal to Supreme Court
135 Jurisdiction of Federal Court exercisable by Supreme
Court
136 Special leave to appeal
137 Review of judgments by Supreme Court
138 Enlargement of jurisdiction of Supreme Court
139 Power to issue certain writs
139A Transfer of certain cases
140 Ancillary powers of Supreme Court
141 Law declared by Supreme Court binding on all courts
142 Enforcement of decrees and orders
143 Power of President to consult Supreme Court
144 Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of Supreme
Court
144A [Repealed]
145 Rules of Court
146 Officers, servants, expenses of Supreme Court
147 Interpretation
CHAPTER V: COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR-GENERAL
148 Comptroller and Auditor-General of India
149 Duties and powers of CAG
150 Form of accounts of Union and States
151 Audit reports
PART VI: THE STATES
CHAPTER I: GENERAL
152 Definition
CHAPTER II: THE EXECUTIVE
The Governor
153 Governors of States
154 Executive power of State
155 Appointment of Governor
156 Term of office of Governor
157 Qualifications for appointment as Governor
158 Conditions of Governor's office
159 Oath or affirmation by the Governor
160 Discharge of functions in certain contingencies
161 Power of Governor to grant pardons
162 Extent of executive power of State
Council of Ministers
163 Council of Ministers to aid and advise Governor
164 Other provisions as to Ministers
Advocate-General
165 Advocate-General for the State
Conduct of Government Business
166 Conduct of business of Government of a State
167 Duties of CM as to furnishing information to Governor
CHAPTER III: THE STATE LEGISLATURE
General
168 Constitution of Legislatures in States
169 Abolition or creation of Legislative Councils
170 Composition of Legislative Assemblies
171 Composition of Legislative Councils
172 Duration of State Legislatures
173 Qualification for membership of State Legislature
174 Sessions, prorogation, dissolution
175 Right of Governor to address the House
176 Special address by the Governor
177 Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects
Houses
Officers of the State Legislature
178 Speaker and Deputy Speaker of Legislative Assembly
179 Vacation, resignation, removal of Speaker/Deputy Speaker
180 Power of Deputy Speaker to act as Speaker
181 Speaker/Deputy Speaker not to preside during removal
resolution
182 Chairman and Deputy Chairman of Legislative Council
183 Vacation, resignation, removal of Chairman/Deputy
Chairman
184 Power of Deputy Chairman to act as Chairman
185 Chairman/Deputy Chairman not to preside during removal
resolution
186 Salaries of Speaker, Deputy Speaker, Chairman, Deputy
Chairman
187 Secretariat of State Legislature
Conduct of Business
188 Oath or affirmation by members
189 Voting in Houses, quorum
Disqualifications of Members
190 Vacation of seats
191 Disqualifications for membership, clause 2 invokes the
Tenth Schedule, the anti-defection law
192 Decision on disqualification questions
193 Penalty for sitting/voting before oath or when
disqualified
Powers, Privileges, Immunities
194 Powers, privileges of Houses and members
195 Salaries and allowances of members
Legislative Procedure
196 Introduction and passing of Bills
197 Restriction on Legislative Council powers, non-Money
Bills
198 Special procedure for Money Bills
199 Definition of Money Bills
200 Assent to Bills, live debate on Governors delaying
assent indefinitely, sometimes called a pocket veto
201 Bills reserved for consideration
Procedure in Financial Matters
202 Annual financial statement
203 Procedure with respect to estimates
204 Appropriation Bills
205 Supplementary, additional, excess grants
206 Votes on account, votes of credit
207 Special provisions as to financial Bills
Procedure Generally
208 Rules of procedure
209 Regulation of financial business procedure
210 Language to be used in Legislature
211 Restriction on discussion in Legislature
212 Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Legislature
CHAPTER IV: LEGISLATIVE POWER OF THE GOVERNOR
213 Power to promulgate Ordinances during recess
CHAPTER V: THE HIGH COURTS IN THE STATES
214 High Courts for States
215 High Courts to be courts of record
216 Constitution of High Courts
217 Appointment and conditions of Judge of High Court
218 Application of Supreme Court provisions to High Courts
219 Oath or affirmation by Judges of High Courts
220 Restriction on practice after being permanent Judge
221 Salaries of Judges
222 Transfer of a Judge from one High Court to another
223 Appointment of acting Chief Justice
224 Appointment of additional and acting Judges
224A Appointment of retired Judges
225 Jurisdiction of existing High Courts
226 Power to issue certain writs
226A [Repealed]
227 Power of superintendence over all courts
228 Transfer of certain cases to High Court
228A [Repealed]
229 Officers, servants, expenses of High Courts
230 Extension of jurisdiction to Union territories
231 Establishment of common High Court for two or more
States
CHAPTER VI: SUBORDINATE COURTS
233 Appointment of district judges
233A Validation of appointments of certain district judges
234 Recruitment of persons other than district judges
235 Control over subordinate courts
236 Interpretation
237 Application of this Chapter to certain magistrates
PART VII: THE STATES IN PART B OF FIRST SCHEDULE
238 [Repealed]
PART VIII: THE UNION TERRITORIES
239 Administration of Union territories
239A Creation of local Legislatures for certain Union
territories
239AA Special provisions with respect to Delhi
239AB Provision in case of failure of constitutional
machinery
240 Power of President to make regulations for certain Union
territories
241 High Courts for Union territories
242 [Repealed]
PART IX: THE PANCHAYATS
243 Definitions
243A Gram Sabha
243B Constitution of Panchayats
243C Composition of Panchayats
243D Reservation of seats
243E Duration of Panchayats
243F Disqualifications for membership
243G Powers, authority, responsibilities of Panchayats
243H Power to impose taxes, Funds of Panchayats
243-I Constitution of Finance Commission
243J Audit of accounts of Panchayats
243K Elections to the Panchayats
243L Application to Union territories
243M Part not to apply to certain areas
243N Continuance of existing laws and Panchayats
243-O Bar to interference by courts
PART IXA: THE MUNICIPALITIES
243P Definitions
243Q Constitution of Municipalities
243R Composition of Municipalities
243S Constitution of Wards Committees
243T Reservation of seats
243U Duration of Municipalities
243V Disqualifications for membership
243W Powers, authority, responsibilities of Municipalities
243X Power to impose taxes, Funds of Municipalities
243Y Finance Commission
243Z Audit of accounts of Municipalities
243ZA Elections to the Municipalities
243ZB Application to Union territories
243ZC Part not to apply to certain areas
243ZD Committee for district planning
243ZE Committee for Metropolitan planning
243ZF Continuance of existing laws and Municipalities
243ZG Bar to interference by Courts
PART IXB: THE CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES [Inserted by 97th Amendment 2011]
243ZH Definitions
243ZI Incorporation of co-operative societies
243ZJ Number and term of members of board
243ZK Election of members of board
243ZL Supersession and suspension of board
243ZM Audit of accounts of co-operative societies
243ZN Convening of general body meetings
243ZO Right of a member to get information
243ZP Returns
243ZQ Offences and penalties
243ZR Application to multi-State co-operative societies
243ZS Application to Union territories
PART X: THE SCHEDULED AND TRIBAL AREAS
244 Administration of Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas
244A Formation of autonomous State in tribal areas of Assam
PART XI: RELATIONS BETWEEN UNION AND STATES
CHAPTER I: LEGISLATIVE RELATIONS
Distribution of Legislative Powers
245 Extent of laws made by Parliament and State Legislatures
246 Subject-matter of laws made by Parliament and State
Legislatures
246A [Added by 101st Amendment 2016] Power to make laws on GST
247 Power to establish certain additional courts
248 Residuary powers of legislation
249 Power to legislate on State List matter in national
interest
250 Power to legislate on State List during Emergency
251 Inconsistency between laws under 249/250 and State laws
252 Power to legislate for two or more States by consent
253 Legislation for international agreements
254 Inconsistency between Union and State laws
255 Recommendations and sanctions as matters of procedure
CHAPTER II: ADMINISTRATIVE RELATIONS
General
256 Obligation of States and the Union
257 Control of Union over States in certain cases
257A [Repealed]
258 Power of Union to confer powers on States
258A Power of States to entrust functions to Union
259 [Repealed]
260 Jurisdiction of Union in relation to territories outside
India
261 Public acts, records, judicial proceedings
Disputes relating to Waters
262 Adjudication of inter-State river water disputes
Co-ordination between States
263 Provisions with respect to an inter-State Council
PART XII: FINANCE, PROPERTY, CONTRACTS, SUITS
CHAPTER I: FINANCE
General
264 Interpretation
265 Taxes not to be imposed save by authority of law
266 Consolidated Funds and public accounts
267 Contingency Fund
Distribution of Revenues
268 Duties levied by Union, collected by State
268A [DELETED by 101st Amendment 2016] Service tax provision,
removed
269 Taxes levied and collected by Union, assigned to States
269A [Added by 101st Amendment 2016] GST on inter-State trade
270 Taxes levied and distributed between Union and States
271 Surcharge on certain duties and taxes
272 [Repealed]
273 Grants in lieu of export duty on jute
274 Prior recommendation of President for taxation Bills
275 Grants from Union to certain States
276 Taxes on professions, trades, callings, employments
277 Savings
278 [Repealed]
279 Calculation of net proceeds
279A [Added by 101st Amendment 2016] GST Council
280 Finance Commission
281 Recommendations of Finance Commission
Miscellaneous Financial Provisions
282 Expenditure defrayable by Union or State
283 Custody of Consolidated Funds, Contingency Funds
284 Custody of suitors' deposits
285 Exemption of Union property from State taxation
286 Restrictions on tax on sale or purchase of goods
287 Exemption from taxes on electricity
288 Exemption from State taxation on water/electricity
289 Exemption of State property from Union taxation
290 Adjustment of certain expenses and pensions
290A Annual payment to Devaswom Funds
291 [Repealed]
CHAPTER II: BORROWING
292 Borrowing by Government of India
293 Borrowing by States
CHAPTER III: PROPERTY, CONTRACTS, RIGHTS, SUITS
294 Succession to property, assets, rights in certain cases
295 Succession to property, assets, rights in other cases
296 Property accruing by escheat or bona vacantia
297 Things of value in territorial waters, EEZ vest in Union
298 Power to carry on trade
299 Contracts
300 Suits and proceedings
CHAPTER IV: RIGHT TO PROPERTY
300A Persons not to be deprived of property save by law, a
legal right only since the 44th Amendment 1978 removed it from Part III
PART XIII: TRADE, COMMERCE, INTERCOURSE
301 Freedom of trade, commerce, intercourse
302 Power of Parliament to impose restrictions
303 Restrictions on legislative powers re trade
304 Restrictions on trade among States
305 Saving of existing laws, State monopolies
306 [Repealed]
307 Appointment of authority under articles 301-304
PART XIV: SERVICES UNDER UNION AND STATES
CHAPTER I: SERVICES
308 Interpretation
309 Recruitment and conditions of service
310 Tenure of office
311 Dismissal, removal, reduction in rank
312 All-India services
312A Power to vary conditions of service of certain services
312B Proposed power to create an All India Judicial Service,
debated in Parliament, not yet created
313 Transitional provisions
314 [Repealed]
CHAPTER II: PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONS
315 Public Service Commissions for Union and States
316 Appointment and term of members
317 Removal and suspension of a member
318 Regulations as to conditions of service
319 Prohibition on holding offices after ceasing to be
member
320 Functions of Public Service Commissions
321 Power to extend functions
322 Expenses of Public Service Commissions
323 Reports of Public Service Commissions
PART XIVA: TRIBUNALS
323A Administrative tribunals
323B Tribunals for other matters
PART XV: ELECTIONS
324 Election Commission
325 No ineligibility for electoral roll on grounds of
religion, race, caste, sex
326 Adult suffrage
327 Power of Parliament re elections to Legislatures
328 Power of State Legislature re its own elections
329 Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters
329A [Repealed]
PART XVI: SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR CERTAIN CLASSES
330 Reservation of seats for SC/ST in House of the People
330A [Added by 106th Amendment 2023, but not yet in force] Reservation of
seats for women in House of the People
331 Representation of Anglo-Indian community in House of the
People, discontinued from 25th Jan 2020 by 104th Amendment
332 Reservation of seats for SC/ST in Legislative Assemblies
332A [Added by 106th Amendment 2023, but not yet in force] Reservation of
seats for women in Legislative Assemblies
333 Representation of Anglo-Indian community in Legislative
Assemblies, discontinued from 25 Jan 2020 by 104th Amendment
334 Reservation of seats to cease after sixty years,
extended to 2030 by 104th Amendment 2019
334A [Added by 106th Amendment 2023, but not yet in force] Date of
commencement of women's reservation
335 Claims of SC/ST to services and posts
336 Special provision for Anglo-Indian community in services
337 Special provision re educational grants for Anglo-Indian
community
338 National Commission for Scheduled Castes
338A National Commission for Scheduled Tribes
338B [Added by 102nd Amendment 2018] National Commission for Backward
Classes
339 Control of Union over Scheduled Areas, welfare of STs
340 Commission to investigate conditions of backward classes
341 Scheduled Castes
342 Scheduled Tribes
342A [Added by 102nd Amendment 2018, amended by 105th Amendment 2021]
Socially and Educationally Backward Classes
PART XVII: OFFICIAL LANGUAGE
CHAPTER I: LANGUAGE OF THE UNION
343 Official language of the Union
344 Commission and Committee on official language
CHAPTER II: REGIONAL LANGUAGES
345 Official language of a State
346 Official language for communication between States/Union
347 Special provision for language spoken by section of
population
CHAPTER III: LANGUAGE OF SUPREME COURT, HIGH COURTS
348 Language in Supreme Court, High Courts, Acts, Bills
349 Special procedure for enactment of language laws
CHAPTER IV: SPECIAL DIRECTIVES
350 Language for representations of grievances
350A Facilities for instruction in mother-tongue
350B Special Officer for linguistic minorities
351 Directive for development of Hindi language
PART XVIII: EMERGENCY PROVISIONS
352 Proclamation of Emergency
353 Effect of Proclamation of Emergency
354 Distribution of revenues during Emergency
355 Duty of Union to protect States
356 Failure of constitutional machinery in States
357 Exercise of legislative powers under 356
358 Suspension of Article 19 during emergencies
359 Suspension of enforcement of Part III rights during
emergencies
359A [Repealed]
360 Financial emergency, never invoked so far
PART XIX: MISCELLANEOUS
361 Protection of President and Governors
361A Protection of publication of proceedings
361B Disqualification for remunerative political post
362 [Repealed]
363 Bar to interference by courts in certain treaty disputes
363A Cessation of recognition of Rulers, privy purses
abolished
364 Special provisions re major ports and aerodromes
365 Effect of failure to comply with Union directions
366 Definitions
367 Interpretation
PART XX: AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION
368 Power to amend the Constitution, subject to the basic
structure doctrine laid down in Kesavananda Bharati case, 1973
PART XXI: TEMPORARY, TRANSITIONAL, SPECIAL PROVISIONS
369 Temporary power re State List/Concurrent List
370 Jammu and Kashmir special provisions, rendered
inoperative 6 August 2019, upheld by Supreme Court December 2023
371 Special provision for Maharashtra and Gujarat
371A Special provision for Nagaland
371B Special provision for Assam
371C Special provision for Manipur
371D Special provisions for Andhra Pradesh
371E Central University in Andhra Pradesh
371F Special provisions for Sikkim
371G Special provision for Mizoram
371H Special provision for Arunachal Pradesh
371-I Special provision for Goa
371J [Added by 98th Amendment 2012] Special provision for Hyderabad-Karnataka region
372 Continuance of existing laws
372A Power of President to adapt laws
373 Order re persons under preventive detention
374 Provisions as to Judges of Federal Court
375 Courts, authorities, officers to continue functioning
376 Provisions as to Judges of High Courts
377 Provisions as to CAG
378 Provisions as to Public Service Commissions
378A Duration of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly
379-391 [Repealed]
392 Power of President to remove difficulties
PART XXII: SHORT TITLE, COMMENCEMENT, HINDI TEXT, REPEALS
393 Short title
394 Commencement
394A Authoritative text in Hindi
395 Repeals
THE SCHEDULES
First Schedule: names of States and Union Territories
Second Schedule: salaries and allowances of President,
Governors, Speaker, judges, CAG
Third Schedule: forms of oaths and affirmations
Fourth Schedule: allocation of Rajya Sabha seats to States
and UTs
Fifth Schedule: administration of Scheduled Areas and
Scheduled Tribes outside the northeast
Sixth Schedule: administration of tribal areas in Assam,
Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram
Seventh Schedule: Union List, State List, Concurrent List,
the most frequently tested schedule
Eighth Schedule: 22 officially recognised languages
Ninth Schedule: laws protected from judicial review, added
by First Amdt 1951, but laws added here after 24 April 1973 can still be tested
against the basic structure per I.R. Coelho case, 2007
Tenth Schedule: the anti-defection law, added by 52nd Amendment 1985, linked to Articles 102 and 191
Eleventh Schedule: 29 subjects for Panchayats, added by 73rd
Amendment
Twelfth Schedule: 18 subjects for Municipalities, added by
74th Amendment
PENDING BILLS, NOT YET LAW
130th Amendment Bill 2025: removal of PM/CM/Minister after
30 days custody on a charge carrying 5+ years imprisonment
131st Amendment Bill 2026: tried to fast-track women's
reservation using 2011 census, defeated in Lok Sabha April 2026
Delimitation Bill 2026: proposed raising Lok Sabha seats
from 550 to 850, tied to the above
MEMORY SUPPLEMENT
GST trio: 246A power, 269A money, 279A council
Women's reservation trio: 330A Lok Sabha, 332A Assemblies,
334A start date
Backward classes trio: 338B commission, 342 tribes, 342A definition
Schedules 7, 9, 10, 11, 12 are the five worth knowing cold
if short on time
